As of March 2020, this product has been discontinued. This support article is provided to assist legacy customers.
Skeleton Premium for iPad/iPhone Version Number: 2.1.0 Release Date: March 11, 2013 This document explains content and functionality in the latest iPad/iPhone app released 2013.
System Requirements
• Works on iPad 2 and above
• iPad mini and above
• iPhone 4 and above, and iPod Touch (5th generation)
• Compatible with iOS 6 and above
== These notes describe the contents in each section of the app == This app includes: - 800+ bony landmarks and regions illustrated in color. - Information for each landmark: pronunciation and table data that lists attachments, articulations, locations, and
nerve and vascular passage. - 200+ preset views that present individual landmarks on each bone and articulations and ligaments by skeletal regions
(listed below). - 6 3D moving models of synovial joints. - A gallery of animations and illustrations that show bone tissue, pathologies, and regional anatomy. - A quiz bank with 500+ questions on bones and landmarks. Sections of the app: REGION VIEWS: Study bones in skeletal context. This section offers 200+ preset 3D views organized by skeletal region. All views include (1) Full 3D interactive
functionality including the ability to rotate, zoom, search for bones and ligaments, and show/fade/hide any structure
to create customized views (2) Optional painted landmarks that can be toggled on and off for all bones (3) The ability
to explore single bones and view information about their landmarks (4) Save View function to create a library of custom
views (5) Ability to draw, save screenshots, or email screenshots to patients and colleagues (6) Pronunciations and
definitions for all bones and ligaments (7) Links to related views for easy navigation and study. The views in this section are organized by region as follows: Skull 1. Skull in Context 2. Skull 3. Coronal Skull 4. Sagittal Skull 5. Skull Ligaments 6. Laryngeal I 7. Laryngeal II 8. Upper Arch I 9. Upper Arch II 10. Lower Arch I 11. Lower Arch II 12. Facial Skeleton I 13. Facial Skeleton II 14. Orbit 15. Nasal Cavity 16. Hard Palate 17. Lacrimal, Context 18. Nasal, Context 19. Nasal Cartilages 20. Nasal Conchae 21. Maxilla, Context 22. Zygomatic I 23. Mandible I 24. Vomer, Context 25. Palatine, Context 26. Hyoid, Context 27. Cranium I 28. Cranium II 29. Cranium III 30. Calvaria 31. Parietal, Context 32. Frontal, Context 33. Temporal I 34. Occipital, Context 35. Sphenoid I 36. Ethmoid, Context 37. Maxilla 38. Zygomatic II 39. Nasal Concha 40. Mandible II 41. Vomer 42. Palatine 43. Hyoid 44. Frontal 45. Temporal II 46. Occipital 47. Sphenoid II 48. Ethmoid 49. Thyroid Cartilage 50. Arytenoid Cartilage Vertebral Column 1. Vertebral Column I 2. Vertebral Column II 3. Vertebral Column III 4. Vertebral Column IV 5. Spine Ligaments 6. Cervical Spine 7. Thoracic Spine 8. Lumbar Spine 9. Sacral Spine 10. C01 Atlas I 11. C02 Axis, Context 12. Atlas, Axis 13. C05 Vertebra I 14. C07 Vertebra I 15. T01 Vertebra I 16. T07 Vertebra I 17. T11 Vertebra I 18. T12 Vertebra I 19. L03 Vertebra I 20. L05 Vertebra I 21. Sacrum, Context 22. Coccyx, Context 23. C01 Atlas II 24. C02 Axis 25. C05 Vertebra II 26. C07 Vertebra II 27. T01 Vertebra II 28. T07 Vertebra II 29. T11 Vertebra II 30. T12 Vertebra II 31. L03 Vertebra II 32. L05 Vertebra II 33. Sacrum 34. Coccyx Thoracic Cage 1. Thoracic Cage I 2. Thoracic Cage II 3. Sternum in Context 4. Sternum 5. True Ribs 6. False Ribs 7. Vertebro. Ribs 8. Vertebral Ribs 9. 1st Rib in Context 10. 2nd Rib in Context 11. 4th Rib in Context 12. 8th Rib in Context 13. 10th Rib in Context 14. 11th Rib in Context 15. 12th Rib in Context 16. Manubrium 17. Body of Sternum 18. Xiphoid Process 19. 1st Rib 20. 2nd Rib 21. 4th Rib 22. 8th Rib 23. 10th Rib 24. 11th Rib 25. 12th Rib Shoulder/Upper Limb 1. Shoulder Girdle I 2. Shoulder Posterior 3. Shoulder Lateral 4. Shoulder Girdle II 5. Shoulder Ligaments 6. Clavicle in Context 7. Scapula in Context 8. Upper Limbs I 9. Upper Limbs II 10. Upper Limbs III 11. Humerus I 12. Humerus II 13. Elbow I 14. Elbow II 15. Radius, Context 16. Ulna, Context 17. Hand 18. Hand Ligaments 19. Retinacula 20. Wrist 21. Carpals 22. Trapezium I 23. Trapezoid 24. Scaphoid I 25. Capitate, Context 26. Hamate, Context 27. Lunate, Context 28. Pisiform, Context 29. Triquetral 30. Metacarpals 31. Proximal Phalanges 32. Middle Phalanges 33. Distal Phalanges 34. PIP Joints 35. DIP Joints 36. MCP Joints 37. Clavicle Articulations 38. Scapula Articulations 39. Clavicle 40. Scapula 41. Elbow Ligaments 42. Humerus 43. Radius 44. Ulna 45. Scaphoid II 46. Hamate 47. Trapezium II Pelvis/Lower Limb 1. Pelvis Anterior 2. Pelvis Posterior 3. Pelvis Lateral 4. Pelvis Superior 5. Pelvis Ligaments 6. Ilium in Context 7. Ischium in Context 8. Pubis in Context 9. Lower Limbs I 10. Lower Limbs II 11. Hip 12. Hip Ligaments 13. Femur, Context 14. Knee I 15. Knee II 16. Knee Ligaments 17. Patella, Context 18. Tibia, Context 19. Fibula, Context 20. Ankle 21. Foot 22. Foot Ligaments 23. Tarsals 24. Calcaneus, Context 25. Talus, Context 26. Navicular, Context 27. Cuboid, Context 28. Lateral Cuneiform 29. Intermed. Cuneiform 30. Medial Cuneiform 31. Metatarsals 32. Phalanges 33. Ilium Articulations 34. Ischium Articulations 35. Pubis Articulations 36. Ilium 37. Ischium 38. Pubis 39. ACL 40. PCL 41. MCL 42. LCL 43. Femur 44. Tibia 45. Patella 46. Fibula 47. Calcaneus 48. Talus 49. Navicular 50. 5th Metatarsal BONE VIEWS: Study bones by name. The Bone Views section provides an alphabetical listing of all bones by name, along with related views for each bone
from Region Views. Related views are provided for skeletal context, landmarks where applicable, and nearby joints. GALLERY: Study surgeries, physiology, pathology, and anatomical context of skeletal structures. The Gallery offers multimedia content on the skeletal system. Animations show surgeries and pathologies. 3D cross-
sections views allow the user to explore bone tissue and interact with the model. Illustrations present supplementary
physiology and skeletal anatomy in context. Animations: 1. Burst Fracture 2. Artificial Disc 3. Knee Surgery 4. Osteoporosis 5. Plantar Fasciitis Interactive 3D Cross-Section Views (NOTE: coronal and sagittal skull cross-sections are also available under Region
Views section) 6. Exploding Skull 7. Osteoporosis 8. Osteon 9. Femur Illustrations: 1. Head Region 2. Auditory Ossicles 3. Skull Sutures 4. Fetal Skull 5. Nose and Mouth 6. Mouth Structures 7. Tooth 8. Thoracic Cage 9. Spinal Nerves 10. Vertebra 11. Spine Ligaments 12. M/F Pelvis 13. Femoral Triangle 14. Brachial Plexus 15. Forearm 16. Cubital Fossa 17. Carpal Tunnel 18. Sciatic Nerve 19. Knee QUIZ: Take quizzes on landmarks and skeletal anatomy. The quiz section contains 47 quizzes and over 500 questions on landmarks and skeletal anatomy. List of quizzes: Skull 1. Skull 2. Teeth 3. Maxilla 4. Zygomatic 5. Sphenoid 6. Ethmoid 7. Palatine 8. Temporal 9. Occipital 10. Frontal 11. Laryngeal 12. Hyoid 13. Arytenoid 14. Thyroid Axial Skeleton 15. Thoracic Cage 16. Sternum 17. Manubrium 18. Body of Sternum 19. Fourth Rib 20. Vertebral Column 21. C01 Atlas 22. C02 Axis 23. Cervical Vertebra 24. Thoracic Vertebra 25. Lumbar Vertebra 26. Sacrum 27. Coccyx Appendicular Skeleton 28. Girdles 29. Clavicle 30. Scapula 31. Upper Limb 32. Hand 33. Humerus 34. Ulna 35. Radius 36. Ilium 37. Ischium 38. Pubis 39. Lower Limb 40. Foot 41. Femur 42. Patella 43. Tibia 44. Fibula 45. Talus 46. Calcaneus 47. 5th Metatarsal JOINTS: Study the movement and location of synovial joints. The Joints section contains 6 interactive 3D animations, one on each type of synovial joint: Ball-and-Socket Joints Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints Gliding (Plane) Joints Hinge Joints Pivot Joints Saddle Joints These interactive animations include (1) Interactive 3D functionality, including the ability to rotate, pan, and zoom
(2) Information on the joint (3) Ability to pause, play, loop, or control the speed of the animation through scrubbing
(4) Definitions and pronunciations for components of the example in the model (5) Links to related 3D views of examples
of each joint in the body that feature full interactive functionality. INDEX: Browse a listing of skeletal topics to find a specific view or gallery item. The Index section is a listing of all content in the app organized alphabetically by topic. Users can link to any of
the 3D views, illustrations, or animations in the app via the Index. STORE: Get information on other Visible Body products. The Store section provides links to information on Visible Body's other anatomy apps for the iPad, iPhone, and PC/Mac. HELP: Get additional information on the functionality of the app. The Help section launches a menu that includes full help text on the functionality of the app and a video tutorial
showing its major features. It also includes Visible Body contact information for technical support and customer
service. === Listing of all anatomical structures included in this application === Bony Landmarks: UPPER LIMB Scaphoid, L Scaphoid, body, L Scaphoid, tubercle, L Hamate, L Hamate, body, L Hamate, hook, L Trapezium, L Trapezium, tubercle, L Trapezium, body, L Ulna (forearm, antebrachium), L Ulna, styloid process, L Ulna, head, L Ulna, shaft, L Ulna, tuberosity, L Ulna, radial notch, L Ulna, coronoid process, L Ulna, trochlear notch, L Ulna, olecranon, L Radius (forearm, antebrachium), L Radius, shaft, L Radius, styloid process, L Radius, head, L Radius, neck, L Radius, tubercle, L Radius, dorsal tubercle, L Radius, ulnar notch, L Humerus (arm, brachium), L Humerus, shaft, L Humerus, head, L Humerus, neck, L Humerus, greater tubercle, L Humerus, lesser tubercle, L Humerus, intertubercular groove, L Humerus, deltoid tuberosity, L Humerus, lateral epicondyle, L Humerus, capitulum, L Humerus, trochlea, L Humerus, coronoid fossa, L Humerus, medial epicondyle, L Humerus, olecranon fossa, L Humerus, surgical neck, L Scaphoid, R Scaphoid, body, R Scaphoid, tubercle, R Hamate, R Hamate, body, R Hamate, hook, R Trapezium, R Trapezium, tubercle, R Trapezium, body, R Humerus (arm, brachium), R Humerus, head, R Humerus, neck, R Humerus, greater tubercle, R Humerus, lesser tubercle, R Humerus, intertubercular groove, R Humerus, deltoid tuberosity, R Humerus, lateral epicondyle, R Humerus, capitulum, R Humerus, trochlea, R Humerus, coronoid fossa, R Humerus, medial epicondyle, R Humerus, shaft, R Humerus, olecranon fossa, R Humerus, surgical neck, R Radius (forearm, antebrachium), R Radius, shaft, R Radius, styloid process, R Radius, head, R Radius, neck, R Radius, tubercle, R Radius, dorsal tubercle, R Radius, ulnar notch, R Ulna (forearm, antebrachium), R Ulna, styloid process, R Ulna, head, R Ulna, shaft, R Ulna, tuberosity, R Ulna, radial notch, R Ulna, coronoid process, R Ulna, trochlear notch, R Ulna, olecranon, R LOWER LIMB 5th Metatarsal, L 5th Metatarsal (foot), tuberosity, L 5th Metatarsal (foot), base, L 5th Metatarsal (foot), shaft, L 5th Metatarsal (foot), head, L Calcaneus, L Calcaneus, medial process, L Calcaneus, lateral process, L Calcaneus, sustenaculum tali, L Calcaneus, anterior tubercle, L Calcaneus, tubercle, L Calcaneus, body, L Talus, L Talus, sulcus, L Talus, head, L Talus, neck, L Talus, medial tubercle, L Talus, lateral tubercle, L Talus, body, L Navicular, L Navicular, body, L Navicular, tuberosity, L Tibia (leg), L Tibia, shaft, L Tibia, tibial tuberosity, L Tibia, lateral condyle, L Tibia, medial condyle, L Tibia, anterior intercondylar area, L Tibia, posterior intercondylar area, L Tibia, tubercles of intercondylar eminence, L Tibia, articular facet for fibula, L Tibia, soleal line, L Tibia, medial malleolus, L Tibia, fibular notch, L Tibia, anterior border, L Tibia, interosseous border, L Tibia, medial border, L Fibula (leg), L Fibula, malleolar fossa, L Fibula, lateral malleolus, L Fibula, anterior border, L Fibula, apex, L Fibula, articular facet, L Fibula, head, L Fibula, shaft, L Femur (thigh), L Femur, shaft, L Femur, head, L Femur, trochanteric fossa, L Femur, neck, L Femur, lesser trochanter, L Femur, quadrate tubercle, L Femur, greater trochanter (tubercle), L Femur, intertrochanteric crest, L Femur, linea aspera, L Femur, medial condyle, L Femur, lateral condyle, L Femur, medial epicondyle (adductor tubercle), L Femur, patellar surface, L Femur, medial supracondylar line, L Femur, lateral supracondylar line, L Femur, intercondylar fossa, L Femur, lateral epicondyle, L Femur, popliteal surface, L Patella (knee cap), L Patella, base, L Patella, lateral articular facet, L Patella, medial articular facet, L Patella, lateral border, L Patella, medial border, L Patella, apex, L Patella, body, L Patella, vertical ridge, L 5th Metatarsal, R 5th Metatarsal (foot), tuberosity, R 5th Metatarsal (foot), base, R 5th Metatarsal (foot), shaft, R 5th Metatarsal (foot), head, R Calcaneus, R Calcaneus, medial process, R Calcaneus, lateral process, R Calcaneus, sustenaculum tali, R Calcaneus, anterior tubercle, R Calcaneus, tubercle, R Calcaneus, body, R Talus, R Talus, sulcus, R Talus, head, R Talus, neck, R Talus, medial tubercle, R Talus, lateral tubercle, R Talus, body, R Navicular, R Navicular, body, R Navicular, tuberosity, R Tibia (leg), R Tibia, shaft, R Tibia, tibial tuberosity, R Tibia, lateral condyle, R Tibia, medial condyle, R Tibia, anterior intercondylar area, R Tibia, posterior intercondylar area, R Tibia, tubercles of intercondylar eminence, R Tibia, articular facet for fibula, R Tibia, soleal line, R Tibia, medial malleolus, R Tibia, fibular notch, R Tibia, anterior border, R Tibia, interosseous border, R Tibia, medial border, R Fibula (leg), R Fibula, malleolar fossa, R Fibula, lateral malleolus, R Fibula, anterior border, R Fibula, apex, R Fibula, articular facet, R Fibula, head, R Fibula, shaft, R Femur (thigh), R Femur, shaft, R Femur, head, R Femur, trochanteric fossa, R Femur, neck, R Femur, lesser trochanter, R Femur, quadrate tubercle, R Femur, greater trochanter (tubercle), R Femur, intertrochanteric crest, R Femur, linea aspera, R Femur, medial condyle, R Femur, lateral condyle, R Femur, medial epicondyle (adductor tubercle), R Femur, patellar surface, R Femur, medial supracondylar line, R Femur, lateral supracondylar line, R Femur, intercondylar fossa, R Femur, lateral epicondyle, R Femur, popliteal surface, R Patella (knee cap), R Patella, lateral articular facet, R Patella, medial articular facet, R Patella, lateral border, R Patella, medial border, R Patella, base, R Patella, apex, R Patella, body, R Patella, vertical ridge, R SHOULDER GIRDLE Clavicle, L Clavicle, shaft, L Clavicle, acromial end, L Clavicle, conoid tubercle, L Clavicle, sternal end, L Scapula, L Scapula, suprascapular notch, L Scapula, superior border, L Scapula, superior angle, L Scapula, spine, L Scapula, acromial angle, L Scapula, acromion, L Scapula, medial border, L Scapula, inferior angle, L Scapula, lateral border, L Scapula, neck, L Scapula, coracoid process, L Scapula, spinoglenoid notch, L Scapula, supraspinous fossa, L Scapula, infraspinous fossa, L Scapula, glenoid cavity, L Scapula, subscapular fossa, L Scapula, supraglenoid tubercle, L Clavicle, R Clavicle, shaft, R Clavicle, acromial end, R Clavicle, conoid tubercle, R Clavicle, sternal end, R Scapula, R Scapula, suprascapular notch, R Scapula, superior border, R Scapula, superior angle, R Scapula, spine, R Scapula, acromial angle, R Scapula, acromion Scapula, medial border, R Scapula, inferior angle, R Scapula, lateral border, R Scapula, neck, R Scapula, coracoid process, R Scapula, spinoglenoid notch, R Scapula, supraspinous fossa, R Scapula, infraspinous fossa, R Scapula, glenoid cavity, R Scapula, subscapular fossa, R Scapula, supraglenoid tubercle, R PELVIC GIRDLE Ischium, L Ischium, acetabular fossa, L Ischium, body, L Ischium, acetabular rim, L Ischium, ischial tuberosity, L Ischium, ischial spine, L Ischium, ramus, L Ischium, lesser sciatic notch, L Ischium, lunate surface of acetabulum, L Pubis, L Pubis, pubic tubercle, L Pubis, iliopubic eminence, L Pubis, pubic crest, L Pubis, body, L Pubis, acetabular notch, L Pubis, obturator crest, L Pubis, inferior ramus, L Pubis, superior ramus, L Pubis, acetabular fossa, L Pubis, lunate surface of acetabulum, L Ilium, L Ilium, body, L Ilium, anterior superior iliac spine, L Ilium, anterior inferior iliac spine, L Ilium, iliac crest, L Ilium, tubercle of iliac crest, L Ilium, posterior superior iliac spine, L Ilium, posterior inferior iliac spine, L Ilium, greater sciatic notch, L Ilium, acetabular fossa, L Ilium, acetabular rim, L Ilium, arcuate line, L Ilium, iliac fossa, L Ilium, auricular surface, L Ilium, lunate surface of acetabulum, L Ischium, R Ischium, lunate surface of acetabulum, R Ischium, body, R Ischium, acetabular rim, R Ischium, ischial tuberosity, R Ischium, ischial spine, R Ischium, ramus, R Ischium, lesser sciatic notch, R Ischium, acetabular fossa, R Pubis, R Pubis, pubic tubercle, R Pubis, iliopubic eminence, R Pubis, pubic crest, R Pubis, body, R Pubis, acetabular notch, R Pubis, obturator crest, R Pubis, inferior ramus, R Pubis, superior ramus, R Pubis, lunate surface of acetabulum, R Pubis, acetabular fossa, R Ilium, R Ilium, body, R Ilium, anterior superior iliac spine, R Ilium, anterior inferior iliac spine, R Ilium, iliac crest, R Ilium, tubercle of iliac crest, R Ilium, posterior superior iliac spine, R Ilium, posterior inferior iliac spine, R Ilium, greater sciatic notch, R Ilium, lunate surface of acetabulum, R Ilium, acetabular rim, R Ilium, arcuate line, R Ilium, iliac fossa, R Ilium, auricular surface, R Ilium, acetabular fossa, R SKULL Maxilla, L Maxilla, body, L Maxillary sinus, L Maxilla, alveolar process, L Maxilla, incisive fossa, L Maxilla, anterior nasal spine, L Infraorbital canal and foramen, L Maxilla, alveolar canals, L Maxilla, canine fossa, L Maxilla, maxillary tuberosity, L Maxilla, zygomatic process, L Maxilla, canine eminence, L Maxilla, frontal process, L Maxilla, hard palate, L Zygomatic, L Zygomatic, body, L Zygomatic, orbital border, L Zygomatic, frontal process, L Zygomatic, temporal process, L Zygomatic, zygomaticofacial foramen, L Zygomatic, maxillary border, L Zygomatic, temporal border, L Zygomatic, zygomatic orbital foramen, L Zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal foramen, L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), maxillary process, L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), ethmoidal process, L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), lacrimal process, L Maxilla, R Maxillary sinus, R Maxilla, alveolar process, R Maxilla, incisive fossa, R Maxilla, anterior nasal spine, R Maxilla, body, R Infraorbital canal and foramen, R Maxilla, alveolar canals, R Maxilla, canine fossa, R Maxilla, maxillary tuberosity, R Maxilla, zygomatic process, R Maxilla, canine eminence, R Maxilla, frontal process, R Maxilla, hard palate, R Zygomatic, R Zygomatic, body, R Zygomatic, orbital border, R Zygomatic, frontal process, R Zygomatic, temporal process, R Zygomatic, zygomaticofacial foramen, R Zygomatic, maxillary border, R Zygomatic, temporal border, R Zygomatic, zygomatic orbital foramen, R Zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal foramen, R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), maxillary process, R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), ethmoidal process, R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), lacrimal process, R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), R Mandible Mandible, body Mandible, coronoid process, R Mandible, mandibular notch, R Mandible, condyle, R Mandible, oblique line, R Mandible, anterior border of ramus, R Mandible, posterior border of ramus, R Mandible, angle, R Mandible, inferior border of ramus, R Mandible, mandibular foramen, R Mandible, lingula, R Mandible, mandibular groove, R Mandible, ramus, R Mandible, mental foramen, R Mandible, mental tubercle, R Mandible, mental protuberance Mandible, dental alveoli Mandible, alveolar portion Mandible, sublingual fossa Mandible, genial tubercle Mandible, submandibular fossa, L Mandible, submandibular fossa, R Mandible, mental tubercle, L Mandible, mental foramen, L Mandible, inferior border of ramus, L Mandible, ramus, L Mandible, angle, L Mandible, oblique line, L Mandible, anterior border of ramus, L Mandible, posterior border of ramus, L Mandible, condyle, L Mandible, mandibular notch, L Mandible, coronoid process, L Mandible, mandibular foramen, L Mandible, lingula, L Mandible, mandibular groove, L Vomer Vomer, alae Vomer, body Palatine, R Palatine, orbital process, R Palatine, sphenoid process, R Palatine, horizontal part, R Palatine, conchal crest, R Palatine, pyramidal process, R Palatine, maxillary process, R Palatine, perpendicular plate, R Palatine, posterior nasal spine, R Palatine, L Palatine, orbital process, L Palatine, sphenoid process, L Palatine, horizontal part, L Palatine, conchal crest, L Palatine, pyramidal process, L Palatine, maxillary process, L Palatine, perpendicular plate, L Palatine, posterior nasal spine, L Temporal, L Temporal, petrous part, L Temporal, external auditory (acoustic) meatus, L Temporal, internal auditory (acoustic) meatus, L Temporal, zygomatic process, L Temporal, mandibular fossa, L Temporal, articular tubercle, L Temporal, postglenoid tubercle, L Temporal, mastoid process, L Temporal, styloid process, L Temporal, arcuate eminence, L Temporal, jugular fossa, L Temporal, aqueduct of vestibule, L Temporal, base, L Temporal, foramen lacerum, temporal surface, L Temporal, carotid canal, L Temporal, stylomastoid foramen, L Temporal, jugular foramen, temporal surface, L Temporal, mastoid foramen, L Temporal, R Temporal, external auditory (acoustic) meatus, R Temporal, internal auditory (acoustic) meatus, R Temporal, zygomatic process, R Temporal, mandibular fossa, R Temporal, articular tubercle, R Temporal, postglenoid tubercle, R Temporal, mastoid process, R Temporal, styloid process, R Temporal, arcuate eminence, R Temporal, jugular fossa, R Temporal, petrous part, R Temporal, aqueduct of vestibule, R Temporal, base, R Temporal, stylomastoid foramen, R Temporal, foramen lacerum, temporal surface, R Temporal, carotid canal, R Temporal, jugular foramen, temporal surface, R Temporal, mastoid foramen, R Frontal Frontal sinus, L Frontal sinus, R Frontal, frontal eminences Frontal, superciliary arches Frontal, glabella Frontal, zygomatic processes Frontal, supra-orbital margins Frontal, supra-orbital notches Frontal, frontal crest Frontal, base Occipital Occipital, body Occipital, internal occipital crest Occipital, superior angle Occipital, lateral angle Occipital, condyles Occipital, external occipital protuberance Occipital, basilar part Occipital, external occipital crest Occipital, inferior nuchal line Occipital, superior nuchal line Occipital, jugular tubercles Occipital, internal occipital protuberance Occipital, groove for transverse sinus Occipital, groove for superior sagittal sinus Occipital, jugular processes Occipital, foramen lacerum, occipital surfaces Occipital, jugular foramen, occipital surface Occipital, foramen magnum Occipital, hypoglossal canals Occipital, condyloid foramen Ethmoid Ethmoid, crista galli Ethmoid, perpendicular plate Ethmoid, sinuses Ethmoid, cribriform plate Ethmoid, orbital plates Ethmoid, middle conchae Ethmoid, labyrinth Sphenoid Sphenoid, body Sphenoid, dorsum sellae Sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes Sphenoid, posterior clinoid process Sphenoid, lesser wings Sphenoid, greater wings Sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plates Sphenoid, medial pterygoid plates Sphenoid, infratemporal crests of greater wing Sphenoid, pterygoid processes Sphenoid, optic foramen Sphenoid, foramen rotundum Sphenoid, superior orbital fissures Sphenoid, pterygoid canals Sphenoid, foramen lacerum, sphenoidal surface Sphenoid, foramen ovale Sphenoid, foramen spinosum Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone) Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone), tubercles of greater horns Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone), lesser horns Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone), body Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone), greater horns THORACIC CAGE Manubrium Manubrium, clavicular notches Manubrium, first costal notches Manubrium, body Manubrium, jugular (suprasternal, presternal) notch Manubrium, second costal notches Body of sternum Body of sternum, second costal notches Body of sternum, third costal notches Body of sternum, fourth costal notches Body of sternum, fifth costal notches Body of sternum, sixth costal notches Body of sternum, seventh costal notches Body of sternum, body Twelfth rib (12), R Twelfth rib (12), head, R Twelfth rib (12), neck, R Twelfth rib (12), shaft, R Eleventh rib (11), R Eleventh rib (11), neck, R Eleventh rib (11), head, R Eleventh rib (11), shaft, R Eighth rib (08), R Eighth rib (08), shaft, R Eighth rib (08), tubercle, R Eighth rib (08), neck, R Eighth rib (08), head, R Eighth rib (08), costal cartilage, R Eighth rib (08), costal groove, R Ninth rib (09), R Ninth rib (09), shaft, R Ninth rib (09), tubercle, R Ninth rib (09), neck, R Ninth rib (09), head, R Ninth rib (09), costal cartilage, R Ninth rib (09), costal groove, R Tenth rib (10), R Tenth rib (10), head, R Tenth rib (10), neck, R Tenth rib (10), shaft, R Tenth rib (10), tubercle, R Tenth rib (10), costal cartilage, R Tenth rib (10), costal groove, R First rib (01), R First rib (01), costal cartilage, R First rib (01), shaft, R First rib (01), tubercle, R First rib (01), neck, R First rib (01), head, R Second rib (02), R Second rib (02), costal cartilage, R Second rib (02), shaft, R Second rib (02), head, R Second rib (02), neck, R Second rib (02), tubercle, R Second rib (02), costal groove, R Third rib (03), R Third rib (03), costal cartilage, R Third rib (03), head, R Third rib (03), shaft, R Third rib (03), tubercle, R Third rib (03), neck, R Third rib (03), costal groove, R Fourth rib (04), R Fourth rib (04), shaft, R Fourth rib (04), tubercle, R Fourth rib (04), neck, R Fourth rib (04), head, R Fourth rib (04), costal cartilage, R Fourth rib (04), costal groove, R Fifth rib (05), R Fifth rib (05), head, R Fifth rib (05), shaft, R Fifth rib (05), tubercle, R Fifth rib (05), neck, R Fifth rib (05), costal cartilage, R Fifth rib (05), costal groove, R Sixth rib (06), R Sixth rib (06), shaft, R Sixth rib (06), tubercle, R Sixth rib (06), head, R Sixth rib (06), neck, R Sixth rib (06), costal cartilage, R Sixth rib (06), costal groove, R Seventh rib (07), R Seventh rib (07), shaft, R Seventh rib (07), tubercle, R Seventh rib (07), neck, R Seventh rib (07), head, R Seventh rib (07), costal cartilage, R Seventh rib (07), costal groove, R Twelfth rib (12), L Twelfth rib (12), head, L Twelfth rib (12), neck, L Twelfth rib (12), shaft, L Eleventh rib (11), L Eleventh rib (11), neck, L Eleventh rib (11), head, L Eleventh rib (11), shaft, L Eighth rib (08), L Eighth rib (08), shaft, L Eighth rib (08), tubercle, L Eighth rib (08), neck, L Eighth rib (08), head, L Eighth rib (08), costal cartilage, L Eighth rib (08), costal groove, L Ninth rib (09), L Ninth rib (09), shaft, L Ninth rib (09), tubercle, L Ninth rib (09), neck, L Ninth rib (09), head, L Ninth rib (09), costal cartilage, L Ninth rib (09), costal groove, L Tenth rib (10), L Tenth rib (10), head, L Tenth rib (10), neck, L Tenth rib (10), shaft, L Tenth rib (10), tubercle, L Tenth rib (10), costal cartilage, L Tenth rib (10), costal groove, L First rib (01), L First rib (01), costal cartilage, L First rib (01), shaft, L First rib (01), tubercle, L First rib (01), neck, L First rib (01), head, L Second rib (02), L Second rib (02), costal cartilage, L Second rib (02), shaft, L Second rib (02), head, L Second rib (02), neck, L Second rib (02), tubercle, L Second rib (02), costal groove, L Third rib (03), L Third rib (03), costal cartilage, L Third rib (03), head, L Third rib (03), shaft, L Third rib (03), tubercle, L Third rib (03), neck, L Third rib (03), costal groove, L Fourth rib (04), L Fourth rib (04), shaft, L Fourth rib (04), tubercle, L Fourth rib (04), neck, L Fourth rib (04), head, L Fourth rib (04), costal cartilage, L Fourth rib (04), costal groove, L Fifth rib (05), L Fifth rib (05), head, L Fifth rib (05), shaft, L Fifth rib (05), tubercle, L Fifth rib (05), neck, L Fifth rib (05), costal cartilage, L Fifth rib (05), costal groove, L Sixth rib (06), L Sixth rib (06), shaft, L Sixth rib (06), tubercle, L Sixth rib (06), head, L Sixth rib (06), neck, L Sixth rib (06), costal cartilage, L Sixth rib (06), costal groove, L Seventh rib (07), L Seventh rib (07), shaft, L Seventh rib (07), tubercle, L Seventh rib (07), neck, L Seventh rib (07), head, L Seventh rib (07), costal cartilage, L Seventh rib (07), costal groove, L LARYNGEAL Arytenoid cartilage, R Arytenoid cartilage, body, R Arytenoid cartilage, vocal process, R Arytenoid cartilage, apex, R Arytenoid cartilage, muscular process, R Arytenoid cartilage, L Arytenoid cartilage, apex, L Arytenoid cartilage, muscular process, L Arytenoid cartilage, vocal process, L Arytenoid cartilage, body, L Thyroid cartilage Thyroid cartilage, superior cornua Thyroid cartilage, inferior cornua Thyroid cartilage, thyroid notch Thyroid cartilage, body Thyroid cartilage, laryngeal prominence VERTEBRAL COLUMN L01 Vertebra L01 Vertebra, spinous process L01 Vertebra, transverse processes L01 Vertebra, pedicles L01 Vertebra, superior articular processes L01 Vertebra, mamillary processes L01 Vertebra, inferior articular processes L01 Vertebra, laminae L01 Vertebra, body L02 Vertebra L02 Vertebra, spinous process L02 Vertebra, pedicles L02 Vertebra, body L02 Vertebra, transverse processes L02 Vertebra, inferior articular processes L02 Vertebra, superior articular processes L02 Vertebra, mamillary processes L02 Vertebra, laminae L03 Vertebra L03 Vertebra, spinous process L03 Vertebra, pedicles L03 Vertebra, transverse processes L03 Vertebra, body L03 Vertebra, superior articular processes L03 Vertebra, mamillary processes L03 Vertebra, inferior articular processes L03 Vertebra, laminae L04 Vertebra L04 Vertebra, transverse processes L04 Vertebra, spinous process L04 Vertebra, pedicles L04 Vertebra, superior articular processes L04 Vertebra, mamillary processes L04 Vertebra, inferior articular processes L04 Vertebra, laminae L04 Vertebra, body L05 Vertebra L05 Vertebra, body L05 Vertebra, transverse processes L05 Vertebra, spinous process L05 Vertebra, superior articular processes L05 Vertebra, mamillary processes L05 Vertebra, inferior articular processes L05 Vertebra, pedicles L05 Vertebra, laminae C01 Atlas C01 Atlas, posterior arches C01 Atlas, groove for vertebral artery C01 Atlas, transverse processes and foramina C01 Atlas, lateral masses and superior articular facets C01 Atlas, inferior articular processes C01 Atlas, facet for dens C01 Atlas, anterior arch and tubercle C01 Atlas, posterior tubercle C02 Axis C02 Axis, dens C02 Axis, bifid spinous process C02 Axis, laminae C02 Axis, superior articular processes C02 Axis, inferior articular processes C02 Axis, body C02 Axis, transverse processes and foramina C02 Axis, pedicles C03 Vertebra C03 Vertebra, bifid spinous process C03 Vertebra, laminae C03 Vertebra, pedicles C03 Vertebra, superior articular processes C03 Vertebra, inferior articular processes C03 Vertebra, posterior tubercles of transverse processes C03 Vertebra, body C03 Vertebra, anterior tubercles of transverse processes C03 Vertebra, transverse processes C05 Vertebra C05 Vertebra, inferior articular processes C05 Vertebra, bifid spinous process C05 Vertebra, laminae C05 Vertebra, posterior tubercles of transverse processes C05 Vertebra, pedicles C05 Vertebra, transverse processes C05 Vertebra, anterior tubercles of transverse processes C05 Vertebra, body C05 Vertebra, superior articular processes C04 Vertebra C04 Vertebra, bifid spinous process C04 Vertebra, laminae C04 Vertebra, posterior tubercles of transverse processes C04 Vertebra, anterior tubercles of transverse processes C04 Vertebra, pedicles C04 Vertebra, superior articular processes C04 Vertebra, inferior articular processes C04 Vertebra, transverse processes C04 Vertebra, body C06 Vertebra C06 Vertebra, inferior articular processes C06 Vertebra, bifid spinous process C06 Vertebra, laminae C06 Vertebra, posterior tubercles of transverse processes C06 Vertebra, pedicles C06 Vertebra, anterior tubercles of transverse processes C06 Vertebra, transverse processes C06 Vertebra, body C06 Vertebra, superior articular processes C07 Vertebra C07 Vertebra, transverse processes C07 Vertebra, spinous process C07 Vertebra, laminae C07 Vertebra, pedicles C07 Vertebra, anterior tubercles of transverse processes C07 Vertebra, body C07 Vertebra, posterolateral lip C07 Vertebra, posterior tubercles of transverse processes C07 Vertebra, superior articular processes Coccyx Coccyx, transverse processes Coccyx, first coccygeal vertebra Coccyx, second coccygeal vertebra Coccyx, third coccygeal vertebra Coccyx, fourth coccygeal vertebra Coccyx, cornua S01-05 Sacrum S01-05 Sacrum, body S01-05 Sacrum, superior articular processes S01-05 Sacrum, median crest S01-05 Sacrum, sacral hiatus S01-05 Sacrum, sacral canal S01-05 Sacrum, second pelvic sacral (anterior) foramina S01-05 Sacrum, third pelvic sacral (anterior) foramina S01-05 Sacrum, fourth pelvic sacral (anterior) foramina S01-05 Sacrum, first pelvic sacral (anterior) foramina S01-05 Sacrum, promontory S01-05 Sacrum, sacral alae S01-05 Sacrum, first dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina S01-05 Sacrum, second dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina S01-05 Sacrum, third dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina S01-05 Sacrum, fourth dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina S01-05 Sacrum, auricular surface S01-05 Sacrum, cornua S01-05 Sacrum, spinous tubercles S01-05 Sacrum, inferior lateral angles S01-05 Sacrum, apex T01 Vertebra T01 Vertebra, body T01 Vertebra, spinous process T01 Vertebra, transverse processes T01 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T01 Vertebra, superior articular processes T01 Vertebra, superior costal facets T01 Vertebra, laminae T01 Vertebra, pedicles T01 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T02 Vertebra T02 Vertebra, laminae T02 Vertebra, spinous process T02 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T02 Vertebra, transverse processes T02 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T02 Vertebra, body T02 Vertebra, superior costal facets T02 Vertebra, pedicles T02 Vertebra, superior articular processes T03 Vertebra T03 Vertebra, laminae T03 Vertebra, superior articular processes T03 Vertebra, spinous process T03 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T03 Vertebra, transverse processes T03 Vertebra, pedicles T03 Vertebra, body T03 Vertebra, superior costal facets T03 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T04 Vertebra T04 Vertebra, laminae T04 Vertebra, body T04 Vertebra, transverse processes T04 Vertebra, superior costal facets T04 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T04 Vertebra, spinous process T04 Vertebra, superior articular processes T04 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T04 Vertebra, pedicles T05 Vertebra T05 Vertebra, pedicles T05 Vertebra, laminae T05 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T05 Vertebra, superior articular processes T05 Vertebra, transverse processes T05 Vertebra, body T05 Vertebra, superior costal facets T05 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T05 Vertebra, spinous process T06 Vertebra T06 Vertebra, body T06 Vertebra, superior costal facets T06 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T06 Vertebra, pedicles T06 Vertebra, superior articular processes T06 Vertebra, laminae T06 Vertebra, transverse processes T06 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T06 Vertebra, spinous process T07 Vertebra T07 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T07 Vertebra, spinous process T07 Vertebra, laminae T07 Vertebra, transverse processes T07 Vertebra, superior articular processes T07 Vertebra, pedicles T07 Vertebra, body T07 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T07 Vertebra, superior costal facets T08 Vertebra T08 Vertebra, laminae T08 Vertebra, body T08 Vertebra, superior costal facets T08 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T08 Vertebra, spinous process T08 Vertebra, transverse processes T08 Vertebra, superior articular processes T08 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T08 Vertebra, pedicles T09 Vertebra T09 Vertebra, superior costal facets T09 Vertebra, body T09 Vertebra, inferior costal facets T09 Vertebra, transverse processes T09 Vertebra, laminae T09 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T09 Vertebra, spinous process T09 Vertebra, superior articular processes T09 Vertebra, pedicles T10 Vertebra T10 Vertebra, spinous process T10 Vertebra, laminae T10 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T10 Vertebra, superior articular processes T10 Vertebra, transverse processes T10 Vertebra, body T10 Vertebra, costal facets T10 Vertebra, pedicles T11 Vertebra T11 Vertebra, laminae T11 Vertebra, body T11 Vertebra, spinous process T11 Vertebra, transverse processes T11 Vertebra, inferior articular process T11 Vertebra, superior articular processes T11 Vertebra, pedicles T11 Vertebra, costal facets T12 Vertebra T12 Vertebra, laminae T12 Vertebra, superior tubercle T12 Vertebra, superior articular processes T12 Vertebra, lateral tubercle T12 Vertebra, inferior tubercle T12 Vertebra, inferior articular processes T12 Vertebra, spinous process T12 Vertebra, pedicles T12 Vertebra, body T12 Vertebra, costal facets Cross-Section/Bone Tissue Structures: Femur (thigh), R Femur (thigh), posterior part, R Femur (thigh), cancellous (spongy) bone, posterior part, R Femur (thigh), cortical (compact) bone, posterior part, R Femur (thigh), bone marrow, distal part, R Femur (thigh), bone marrow, proximal part, R Femur (thigh), medullary cavity, posterior part, R Femur (thigh), articular cartilage, posterior part of femoral head, R Femur (thigh), articular cartilage, posterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), anterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), cancellous (spongy) bone, anterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), cortical (compact) bone, anterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), medullary cavity, anterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), articular cartilage, anterior distal part, R Femur (thigh), anterior proximal part, R Femur (thigh), cancellous (spongy) bone, anterior proximal part, R Femur (thigh), cortical (compact) bone, anterior proximal part, R Femur (thigh), medullary cavity, anterior proximal part, R Femur (thigh), articular cartilage, anterior part of femoral head, R Bone Bone, matrix Bone, capilllaries Bone, osteon Bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Bone, spongy lining Bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Bone, cortical (compact) bone Bone, compact lining Bone, cortical (compact) bone Healthy bone Healthy bone, matrix Healthy bone, cortical (compact) bone Healthy bone, compact lining Healthy bone, cortical (compact) bone Healthy bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Healthy bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Healthy bone, spongy lining Osteoporotic bone Osteoporotic bone, cortical (compact) bone Osteoporotic bone, cortical (compact) bone Osteoporotic bone, compact lining Osteoporotic bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Osteoporotic bone, spongy lining Osteoporotic bone, cancellous (spongy) bone Osteoporotic bone, matrix Ligaments: UPPER LIMB Ligaments of the wrist and hand, L Ulnocarpal joint (articular disc), L Extensor retinaculum, L Dorsal radioulnar ligament, L Flexor retinaculum (wrist), L Interphalangeal joints (ligaments), L Interphalangeal (proximal) articular capsules of the hand (PIP joints), L Interphalangeal (distal) articular capsules of the hand (DIP joints), L Interphalangeal articular capsule of pollex, L Metacarpal ligaments, L Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments, L Superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments, L Dorsal metacarpal ligaments, L Palmar metacarpal ligaments, L Radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments, L Palmar (volar) radioulnar ligament, L Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radioscapholunate, L Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radiotriquetral, L Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radiocapitate, L Palmar ulnocarpal ligament (ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral), L Ulnar collateral ligament, pisiform portion (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral
ligament), L Dorsal radiocarpal ligament, L Radial collateral ligament, L Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radiotriquetral, R Intercarpal ligaments, L Dorsal intercarpal ligaments, L Distal intercarpal ligaments, L Palmar intercarpal ligament (scaphotrapezium), L Scaphocapitate ligament, L Radiate carpal ligament, scaphotrapezial, L Radiate carpal ligament, lunotriquetral, L Radiate carpal ligament, capitotrapezial, L Radiate carpal ligament, capitohamate, L Pisohamate ligament, L Radiate carpal ligament, L Metacarpophalangeal ligaments, L Metacarpophalangeal articular capsule of pollex, L Metacarpophalangeal articular capsules, L Carpometacarpal ligaments, L Palmar (volar) carpometacarpal ligament, L Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, L Carpometacarpal articular capsule of pollex, L Interosseous membrane (antebrachial), L Ligaments of the elbow, L Annular ligament of radius, L Ulnar collateral ligament, transverse, L Ulnar collateral ligament, anterior, L Articular capsule (elbow), L Radial collateral ligament, L Ulnar collateral ligament, L Oblique cord (elbow), L Ligaments of the wrist and hand, R Flexor retinaculum (wrist), R Extensor retinaculum, R Carpometacarpal ligaments, R Palmar (volar) carpometacarpal ligament, R Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, R Carpometacarpal articular capsule of pollex, R Interphalangeal joints (ligaments), R Interphalangeal (proximal) articular capsules of the hand (PIP joints), R Interphalangeal (distal) articular capsules of the hand (DIP joints), R Interphalangeal articular capsule of pollex, R Metacarpal ligaments, R Palmar metacarpal ligaments, R Dorsal metacarpal ligaments, R Superficial transverse metacarpal ligaments, R Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments, R Radiocarpal and ulnocarpal ligaments, R Palmar ulnocarpal ligament (ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral), R Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radiocapitate part, R Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radiotriquetral part, R Dorsal radiocarpal ligament, R Palmar (volar) radioulnar ligament, R Palmar radiocarpal ligament, radioscapholunate part, R Radial collateral ligament, R Ulnar collateral ligament, pisiform portion (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral
ligament), R Intercarpal ligaments, R Distal intercarpal ligaments, R Dorsal intercarpal ligaments, R Palmar intercarpal ligament (scaphotrapezium), R Pisohamate ligament, R Radiate carpal ligament, capitohamate, R Radiate carpal ligament, capitotrapezial, R Radiate carpal ligament, lunotriquetral, R Radiate carpal ligament, R Radiate carpal ligament, scaphotrapezial, R Scaphocapitate ligament, R Metacarpophalangeal ligaments, R Metacarpophalangeal articular capsules, R Metacarpophalangeal articular capsule of pollex, R Dorsal radioulnar ligament, R Ulnocarpal joint (articular disc), R Interosseous membrane (antebrachial), R Ligaments of the elbow, R Ulnar collateral ligament, R Ulnar collateral ligament, transverse, R Radial collateral ligament, R Annular ligament of radius, R Ulnar collateral ligament, anterior, R Articular capsule (elbow), R Oblique cord (elbow), R LOWER LIMB Ligaments of the ankle and foot, L Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments, L Talocrural ligaments (ankle joint), medial, L Medial (deltoid) ligament (anterior tibiotalar part), L Medial (deltoid) ligament (posterior tibiotalar part), L Medial (deltoid) ligament (tibiocalcaneal part), L Medial (deltoid) ligament (tibionavicular part), L Talocrural ligaments (ankle joint), lateral, L Lateral (collateral) ligament (anterior talofibular part), L Lateral (collateral) ligament (calcaneofibular part), L Lateral (collateral) ligament (posterior talofibular part), L Subtalar/talocalcaneal ligaments (joint), L Lateral talocalcaneal ligament, L Medial talocalcaneal ligament, L Posterior talocalcaneal ligament, L Interosseous (anterior) talocalcaneal ligament, L Transverse tarsal ligaments (joint), L Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament, L Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligaments, L Bifurcate (calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular) ligament, L Talonavicular ligament, L Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament, L Long plantar ligament, L Distal intertarsal ligaments, L Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament, L Dorsal cuneonavicular ligament, L Plantar cuboideonavicular ligament, L Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament, L Dorsal intercuneiform ligaments, L Retinacula of the foot, L Superior extensor retinaculum, L Superior peroneal retinaculum, L Inferior extensor retinaculum, L Inferior peroneal retinaculum, L Metatarsophalangeal ligaments, L Metatarsophalangeal articular capsules, L Metatarsophalangeal articular capsule of hallux, L Interphalangeal ligaments, L Interphalangeal ligament of hallux, L Interphalangeal (proximal) ligaments of the foot (PIP joints), L Interphalangeal (distal) ligaments of the foot (DIP joints), L Metatarsal ligaments, L Deep transverse metatarsal ligament, L Dorsal metatarsal ligaments, L Plantar metatarsal ligaments, L Ligaments of the hip, L Ischiofemoral ligament, L Iliofemoral ligament, L Pubofemoral ligament, L Ligaments of the knee, L Lateral meniscus, L Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), L Patellar ligament, L Lateral collateral (fibular collateral) ligament (LCL), L Medial meniscus, L Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), L Medial collateral (tibial collateral) ligament (MCL), L Tibiofibular ligaments, L Tibiofibular ligament, anterior, L Interosseous membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular ligament), L Ligaments of the ankle and foot, R Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments, R Talocrural ligaments (ankle joint), medial, R Medial (deltoid) ligament (anterior tibiotalar part), R Medial (deltoid) ligament (posterior tibiotalar part), R Medial (deltoid) ligament (tibiocalcaneal part), R Medial (deltoid) ligament (tibionavicular part), R Talocrural ligaments (ankle joint), lateral, R Lateral (collateral) ligament (anterior talofibular part), R Lateral (collateral) ligament (calcaneofibular part), R Lateral (collateral) ligament (posterior talofibular part), R Subtalar/talocalcaneal ligaments (joint), R Lateral talocalcaneal ligament, R Medial talocalcaneal ligament, R Posterior talocalcaneal ligament, R Interosseous (anterior) talocalcaneal ligament, R Transverse tarsal ligaments (joint), R Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament, R Bifurcate (calcaneocuboid and calcaneonavicular) ligament, R Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligaments, R Talonavicular ligament, R Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament, R Long plantar ligament, R Distal intertarsal ligaments, R Dorsal cuneonavicular ligament, R Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament, R Plantar cuboideonavicular ligament, R Dorsal intercuneiform ligaments, R Dorsal cuneocuboid ligament, R Retinacula of the foot, R Superior extensor retinaculum, R Superior peroneal retinaculum, R Inferior extensor retinaculum, R Inferior peroneal retinaculum, R Metatarsophalangeal ligaments, R Metatarsophalangeal articular capsules, R Metatarsophalangeal articular capsule of hallux, R Metatarsal ligaments, R Dorsal metatarsal ligaments, R Deep transverse metatarsal ligament, R Plantar metatarsal ligaments, R Interphalangeal ligaments, R Interphalangeal ligament of hallux, R Interphalangeal (proximal) ligaments of the foot (PIP joints), R Interphalangeal (distal) ligaments of the foot (DIP joints), R Ligaments of the hip, R Iliofemoral ligament, R Pubofemoral ligament, R Ischiofemoral ligament, R Ligaments of the knee, R Lateral meniscus, R Lateral collateral (fibular collateral) ligament (LCL), R Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), R Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), R Medial meniscus, R Medial collateral (tibial collateral) ligament (MCL), R Patellar ligament, R Tibiofibular ligaments, R Tibiofibular ligament, anterior, R Interosseous membrane of the leg (middle tibiofibular ligament), R SHOULDER GIRDLE Ligaments of the shoulder girdle, L Sternoclavicular ligament, L Coracoclavicular ligament, trapezoid portion, L Coracoclavicular ligament, conoid portion, L Acromioclavicular ligament, L Superior transverse scapular ligament (forms suprascapular foramen), L Coracohumeral ligament, L Coracoacromial ligament, L Capsular ligament, L Ligaments of the shoulder girdle, R Coracoacromial ligament, R Superior transverse scapular ligament (forms suprascapular foramen), R Acromioclavicular ligament, R Coracoclavicular ligament, conoid portion, R Coracoclavicular ligament, trapezoid portion, R Coracohumeral ligament, R Sternoclavicular ligament, R Capsular ligament, R PELVIC GIRDLE Ligaments of the pelvis, L Iliolumbar ligament, L Anterior sacroiliac ligament, L Posterior sacroiliac ligament, L Sacrotuberous ligament, L Sacrospinous ligament, L Obturator membrane, L Inguinal ligament, L Ligaments of the pelvis, R Inguinal ligament, R Sacrotuberous ligament, R Sacrospinous ligament, R Obturator membrane, R Iliolumbar ligament, R Anterior sacroiliac ligament, R Posterior sacroiliac ligament, R SKULL Ligaments of the skull Ligaments of the skull, R Lateral ligament (mandible), R Joint capsule (mandible), R Stylomandibular ligament, R Sphenomandibular ligament, R Ligaments of the skull, L Stylomandibular ligament, L Sphenomandibular ligament, L Joint capsule (mandible), L Lateral ligament (mandible), L VERTEBRAL COLUMN Ligaments of the spine Intertransverse (lumbar) ligaments, R Intertransverse (thoracic) ligaments, L Intertransverse (thoracic) ligaments, R Intertransverse (lumbar) ligaments, L Posterior longitudinal ligament Supraspinous ligament Intertransverse (cervical) ligaments, R Intertransverse (cervical) ligaments, L Nuchal ligament Anterior longitudinal ligament Ligamenta flava, lumbar region Ligamenta flava, thoracic region Ligamenta flava, cervical region Atlanto-axial ligaments Tectorial membane of atlanto-axial joint Tectorial membrane, R Tectorial membrane, L Longitudinal fascicles (part of the cruciform ligament of the atlas) Posterior atlantoaxial ligament Transverse ligament (part of the cruciform ligament of the atlas) Atlanto-occipital ligaments Atlanto-occipital capsule, R Atlanto-occipital capsule, L Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Occipitoaxial ligaments Alar ligament, L Alar ligament, R Apical ligament of the dens AXIAL Linea alba Bones and Cartilages: Skeletal System Appendicular Upper limb Upper limb, L Hand, L Phalanges (hand), L 1st Digit (pollex), phalanges (hand), L 1st Proximal phalanx (pollex), L 1st Distal phalanx (pollex), L 2nd Digit, phalanges (hand), L 2nd Proximal phalanx (hand), L 2nd Middle phalanx (hand), L 2nd Distal phalanx (hand), L 3rd Digit, phalanges (hand), L 3rd Middle phalanx (hand), L 3rd Proximal phalanx (hand), L 3rd Distal phalanx (hand), L 5th Digit, phalanges (hand), L 5th Distal phalanx (hand), L 5th Proximal phalanx (hand), L 5th Middle phalanx (hand), L 4th Digit, phalanges (hand), L 4th Distal phalanx (hand), L 4th Middle phalanx (hand), L 4th Proximal phalanx (hand), L Metacarpus (metacarpals), L 1st Metacarpal (pollex), L 2nd Metacarpal, L 3rd Metacarpal, L 4th Metacarpal, L 5th Metacarpal, L Carpus (carpals), L Trapezoid, L Lunate, L Pisiform, L Capitate, L Triquetral (triangular), L Hamate, L Scaphoid, L Trapezium, L Ulna (forearm, antebrachium), L Radius (forearm, antebrachium), L Humerus (arm, brachium), L Upper limb, R Hand, R Phalanges (hand), R 1st Digit (pollex), phalanges (hand), R 1st Proximal phalanx (pollex), R 1st Distal phalanx (pollex), R 2nd Digit, phalanges (hand), R 2nd Proximal phalanx (hand), R 2nd Middle phalanx (hand), R 2nd Distal phalanx (hand), R 3rd Digit, phalanges (hand), R 3rd Middle phalanx (hand), R 3rd Proximal phalanx (hand), R 3rd Distal phalanx (hand), R 5th Digit, phalanges (hand), R 5th Distal phalanx (hand), R 5th Proximal phalanx (hand), R 5th Middle phalanx (hand), R 4th Digit, phalanges (hand), R 4th Distal phalanx (hand), R 4th Middle phalanx (hand), R 4th Proximal phalanx (hand), R Metacarpus (metacarpals), R 1st Metacarpal (pollex), R 2nd Metacarpal, R 3rd Metacarpal, R 4th Metacarpal, R 5th Metacarpal, R Carpus (carpals), R Trapezoid, R Lunate, R Pisiform, R Capitate, R Triquetral (triangular), R Scaphoid, R Trapezium, R Hamate, R Ulna (forearm, antebrachium), R Radius (forearm, antebrachium), R Humerus (arm, brachium), R Lower limb Lower limb, L Foot, L Metatarsus (metatarsals), L 3rd Metatarsal, L 4th Metatarsal, L 1st Metatarsal (hallux), L 2nd Metatarsal, L 5th Metatarsal, L Tarsus (tarsals), L Cuboid, L Medial cuneiform, L Intermediate cuneiform, L Lateral cuneiform, L Navicular, L Talus, L Calcaneus, L Phalanges (foot), L 4th Digit, phalanges (foot), L 4th Proximal phalanx (foot), L 4th Middle phalanx (foot), L 4th Distal phalanx (foot), L 2nd Digit, phalanges (foot), L 2nd Proximal phalanx (foot), L 2nd Middle phalanx (foot), L 2nd Distal phalanx (foot), L 5th Digit, phalanges (foot), L 5th Proximal phalanx (foot), L 5th Middle phalanx (foot), L 5th Distal phalanx (foot), L 1st Digit (hallux), phalanges (foot), L 1st Distal phalanx (hallux), L 1st Proximal phalanx (hallux), L 3rd Digit, phalanges (foot), L 3rd Proximal phalanx (foot), L 3rd Middle phalanx (foot), L 3rd Distal phalanx (foot), L Tibia (leg), L Fibula (leg), L Femur (thigh), L Patella (knee cap), L Lower limb, R Foot, R Metatarsus (metatarsals), R 3rd Metatarsal, R 4th Metatarsal, R 1st Metatarsal (hallux), R 2nd Metatarsal, R 5th Metatarsal, R Tarsus (tarsals), R Cuboid, R Medial cuneiform, R Intermediate cuneiform, R Lateral cuneiform, R Navicular, R Talus, R Calcaneus, R Phalanges (foot), R 4th Digit, phalanges (foot), R 4th Proximal phalanx (foot), R 4th Middle phalanx (foot), R 4th Distal phalanx (foot), R 2nd Digit, phalanges (foot), R 2nd Proximal phalanx (foot), R 2nd Middle phalanx (foot), R 2nd Distal phalanx (foot), R 5th Digit, phalanges (foot), R 5th Proximal phalanx (foot), R 5th Middle phalanx (foot), R 5th Distal phalanx (foot), R 1st Digit (hallux), phalanges (foot), R 1st Distal phalanx (hallux), R 1st Proximal phalanx (hallux), R 3rd Digit, phalanges (foot), R 3rd Proximal phalanx (foot), R 3rd Middle phalanx (foot), R 3rd Distal phalanx (foot), R Tibia (leg), R Fibula (leg), R Femur (thigh), R Patella (knee cap), R Shoulder girdle Shoulder girdle, L Scapula, L Clavicle, L Shoulder girdle, R Scapula, R Clavicle, R Pelvic girdle Pubic symphysis Hip bones (innominate bones, os coxae), L Ischium, L Pubis, L Ilium, L Hip bones (innominate bones, os coxae), R Ischium, R Pubis, R Ilium, R Axial Skull Teeth Lower arch [26] Incisor, lateral, R [28] Premolar (bicuspid), first, R [29] Premolar (bicuspid), second, R [31] Molar, second, R [32] Molar, third (wisdom), R [22] Canine (cuspid), L [21] Premolar (bicuspid), first, L [20] Premolar (bicuspid), second, L [19] Molar, first, L [17] Molar, third (wisdom), L [25] Incisor, central, R [27] Canine (cuspid), R [30] Molar, first, R [24] Incisor, central, L [23] Incisor, lateral, L [18] Molar, second, L Upper arch [12] Premolar (bicuspid), first, L [13] Premolar (bicuspid), second, L [05] Premolar (bicuspid), first, R [04] Premolar (bicuspid), second, R [01] Molar, third (wisdom), R [08] Incisor, central, R [09] Incisor, central, L [10] Incisor, lateral, L [11] Canine (cuspid), L [14] Molar, first, L [15] Molar, second, L [16] Molar, third (wisdom), L [07] Incisor, lateral, R [06] Canine (cuspid), R [03] Molar, first, R [02] Molar, second, R Nasal cartilages Lateral (upper lateral nasal) cartilage, L Greater alar (major alar, lower lateral) cartilage, L Septal cartilage Lateral (upper lateral nasal) cartilage, R Greater alar (major alar, lower lateral) cartilage, R Facial skeleton (splanchnocranium, viscerocranium, ossa faciei) Facial skeleton, left side Lacrimal, L Nasal, L Maxilla, L Maxilla, hard palate, L Infraorbital canal and foramen, L Maxillary sinus, L Maxilla, L Zygomatic, L Zygomatic, L Zygomatic, zygomaticofacial foramen, L Zygomatic, zygomatic orbital foramen, L Zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal foramen, L Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), L Facial skeleton, right side Nasal, R Lacrimal, R Maxilla, R Maxillary sinus, R Maxilla, R Infraorbital canal and foramen, R Maxilla, hard palate, R Zygomatic, R Zygomatic, R Zygomatic, zygomaticofacial foramen, R Zygomatic, zygomatic orbital foramen, R Zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal foramen, R Nasal concha (turbinate), inferior (lower), R Mandible Mandible, mandibular foramen, L Mandible, mental foramen, L Mandible, mental foramen, R Mandible, mandibular foramen, R Mandible Palatine, L Palatine, R Vomer Cranium (neurocranium, braincase) Calvaria (calva, skullcap) Parietal, R Parietal, L Occipital Occipital Foramen lacerum, occipital surface, L Foramen lacerum, occipital surface, R Jugular foramen, occipital surface, R Jugular foramen, occipital surface, L Foramen magnum Hypoglossal canal, R Condyloid foramen, R Hypoglossal canal, L Condyloid foramen, L Frontal Frontal sinus, L Frontal Frontal sinus, R Temporal Temporal, L Temporal, L Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus, L External auditory (acoustic) meatus, L Foramen lacerum, temporal surface, L Carotid canal, L Stylomastoid foramen, L Jugular foramen, temporal surface, L Mastoid foramen, L Temporal, R Stylomastoid foramen, R Foramen lacerum, temporal surface, R Carotid canal, R Jugular foramen, temporal surface, R Mastoid foramen, R External auditory (acoustic) meatus, R Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus, R Temporal, R Ethmoid Ethmoid Ethmoid, crista galli Ethmoid, perpendicular plate Ethmoid sinuses, L Ethmoid sinuses, R Ethmoid, cribriform plate, L Ethmoid, cribriform plate, R Sphenoid Foramina (sphenoid), L Foramen ovale, L Optic foramen, L Foramen rotundum, L Pterygoid canal, L Foramen lacerum, sphenoidal surface, L Foramen spinosum, L Superior orbital fissure, L Foramina (sphenoid), R Optic foramen, R Superior orbital fissure, R Foramen rotundum, R Pterygoid canal, R Foramen lacerum, sphenoidal surface, R Foramen ovale, R Foramen spinosum, R Sphenoid Hyoid (os hyoideum, lingual bone) Thoracic cage Sternum Xiphoid process Manubrium Body of sternum Thoracic cage, R False ribs (08-12), R Vertebral (floating) ribs (11-12), R Eleventh rib (11), R Twelfth rib (12), R Vertebrochondral ribs (08-10), R Eighth rib (08), R Ninth rib (09), R Tenth rib (10), R Vertebrosternal (true) ribs (01-07), R First rib (01), R Second rib (02), R Third rib (03), R Fourth rib (04), R Fifth rib (05), R Sixth rib (06), R Seventh rib (07), R Thoracic cage, L False ribs (08-12), L Vertebral (floating) ribs (11-12), L Eleventh rib (11), L Twelfth rib (12), L Vertebrochondral ribs (08-10), L Eighth rib (08), L Ninth rib (09), L Tenth rib (10), L Vertebrosternal (true) ribs (01-07), L First rib (01), L Second rib (02), L Third rib (03), L Fourth rib (04), L Fifth rib (05), L Sixth rib (06), L Seventh rib (07), L Laryngeal skeleton Cricoid cartilage Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Vocal cartilages, R Corniculate cartilage, R Arytenoid cartilage, R Vocal cartilages, L Corniculate cartilage, L Arytenoid cartilage, L Cricothyroid membrane and ligament Thyrohyoid membrane Vocal ligament, L Vocal ligament, R Hyoepiglottic ligament Cricotracheal ligament Vertebral column Lumbar spine L01-L02 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) L02-L03 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) L03-L04 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) L04-L05 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) L05 Vertebra L04 Vertebra L03 Vertebra L02 Vertebra L01 Vertebra Cervical spine C02-C03 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C03-C04 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C04-C05 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C05-C06 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C06-C07 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C07-T01 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) C07 Vertebra C06 Vertebra C05 Vertebra C04 Vertebra C03 Vertebra C02 Axis C01 Atlas Sacral spine L05-S01 Sacral intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) Coccyx S01-05 Sacrum Thoracic spine T01-T02 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T02-T03 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T03-T04 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T04-T05 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T05-T06 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T06-T07 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T07-T08 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T08-T09 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T09-T10 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T11-T12 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T12-L01 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T12 Vertebra T10 Vertebra T09 Vertebra T08 Vertebra T07 Vertebra T06 Vertebra T05 Vertebra T04 Vertebra T03 Vertebra T02 Vertebra T01 Vertebra T10-T11 Intervertebral disc (intervertebral fibrocartilage) T11 Vertebra